Masterless connecting rod mechanism for radial engines or pumps



July 18, 1939. B, KAHN 2,166,909

MASTERLESS CONNECTLNG ROD MECHANISM FOR RADIAL ENGINES 0R PUMPS lNVENTOR July 18, 1939. B. KAHN 2,166,909 MASTERLESS CONNECTING ROD MECHANISM FOR RADIAL NGINES OR PUMPS Filed March 2, 193e 4 sheets-sheen 2 B. KAHN 2,166,909

NIAS'IEITLJAESS CONNEGTING ROD MEGHNISM- FOR RADIAL ENGINES OR PUMPS July 18, 1939.

Filed March 2, 1936 4 Sheets-Sheet 3 lll/1 July 18, 1939.A 4 B. KAHN 2,166,909 MASTERLESS CONNEGTING ROD MECHANISM FOR RADIAL ENGINES OR PUMPS Filed March 2, 1936 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 INVENTOR Patented July i8, y i 2,166,909.

ADarrin) STATES PATENT oFFlc-E MASTERLESS CONNECTING ROD MECHA- NISM FOR RADIAL ENGINES R PUMPS aeniamin kann, New York, 1e.v r.,- mignr to Kinetic Cycle Research Corporation, New York.' N. Y., a corporation of New `York Application March z, 193s, serial No. n.558l

- In canada Maren z, 193s 2s claims. (chiel-12o) 'Ihis invention .relates to improvements in Another object is to provide a devlce'of this mechanism forconverting reciprocating motion Sf character with compensating links in the torque into rotary motion or rice versa as of the type transmitting train'whereby the weight of the I employed in masterless? connecting-rod mecharotating masses on the .crankpin are minimized,

5 nism for radial engines or pumps. This inven- `and whereby all the rotating parts are substan 5 tion also relates to the sainel subject matter as tially dynamically balanced in their eifect on the my co-filed applicatiom'Serial `Number 66,5591' crankshaft. o

More particularly the invention is concerned To this end the invention uses a compensating with, and is an improvement over,l the type that` link means between the knuckle pin receiver and l0 employs a knuckle pin receiving [yoke on the the crankcase, said compensating links being 10 crankpin of a crankshaftl having pivotal or articupivotally associated with the crankcase and the lated connections with all of the connecting rods. knuckle pin receiver. The links preferably oper- Ilfhis yoke member referred tois so arranged that ably engage pins ked in the knuckle pin receiver every point thereon is adapted to move in an and to pins fixed in the crankcase, and are prol5 annular orbit of substantially' the same magnivided'with means whereby`the pins may move toiB tude as that of the crankpin faxis by-means of' ward and awayl from eachother in response to pivotal 'connections with a plurality of cantilever variations during normal or abnormalconditions. type auxiliary cranks of the same throw as the ,Various and other specific objects and advancrankpin; the cranks being pivoted in the crankltages. are contemplated, as will clearly appear case. The auxiliary cranks are all parallelly arfrom the detailed description following; read in .20 ranged with respect to. the lradial disposition of connection with the accompanying drawings the crankpin and are interconnected by the said which form a part of this disclosure, and which yoke member. 'Ihis yoke'membervis subject to illustrate by Way 0f elle-mph?` Various Preferred l .rotation around the crankpin center by the sysembodiments of the invention.`

tem of forces acting thereon via the connecting` In the drawings: g5 rods which are not *directed to the center'of the Figure 1 is a section of an engine or pump,

crankpin. These forces createa torque on the longitudinal of the crankshaft and illustrating yoke member around the crankpln center. The One form 0f the invention. crankcase receives the force created by the torque Figure 2 iS a Section 0n theline, 2-2 0f Figure 1, of the yoke member via the auxiliary cranks with the connecting rods shown diagram- 30 which are journalled in the crankcase and pivotmatieaily. ally connected 'to the yoke member. 4 Figure 2A is a diagrmmetie View 0f the Parts 'I'he object of this invention includes the proinl assembled l10n-running COlidiiOnvision of a cheap, simple, and dependable mech-4 Figure 2B is a diagrammatic view showing theanism of the character described and forA the knuckle pin receiver under load durins'operation a5 purpose set forth whereby' the eective operaand'under Dermal running condition f tion of such a device is had with parts made not Figure 2C is a similar View 0f another" lio-ii-v subject to close tolerance limits. tion of the parts. Y The invention contemplates the provision for .Figure 2D iS ev Similar View 0f Figure 2B Wii 40 engines or pumps of mechanism of the masterthe parts in positions during an abnormal run- 40 less connecting rod type compensating for bea'rning eondiiien. ing failure, heat expansions. and-load deflections Figures 3, 4, 5. 6. 7 nuda are modied iOlmSOf and the like.' l links. 4

Another object of the invention is the produc- Figure 9 is a Vdiagrammatic view of the movetion of a device of the saidcharacter, employing ment of the parts in Figures 2 and 3 during one 45 light auxiliary links, which cannot be subjected half of a revolution of the crankshaft. to abnormal loads. V In suchmechanism described, beside other im- Another object of the invention is the provision p portant considerations to be 'mentioned later. it

of-yieldable links whereby the, forces created by is most desirable that the cooperating parts as the torque of the knuckle pin receiver are diswellas the locations of the Journals ofthe co- 50 tributed among all the links. operating parts be made. very accurately and The invention further contemplates the prowithin very close limits and low manufacturing vision against severe damage to the parts of an tolerances, in `order for them to function propengine or pump in the event of crankshaft bearerly; otherwise, the parts will bind and replaceing or crankpinbearing failure. ments of individual parts will be diilicult. The 5 CII throw or effective length of the auxiliary cranks must 'al1 be quite equal to each 'other and equal to the throw or effective distances of the crankpin within the low allowable tolerances. Similarly, the journals for these auxiliary cranks must all be at quite equal radii from the center ofI the crankshaft. The diameters of the bearing portion of the journalled and pivoted cooperating parts must also be made extremely accurate in order to accomplish smooth rotation of the main crank,the yoke-like member, and the auxiliary cranks, without undue strain on these parts. Even with the necessary manufacturing toler- .ances within very close limits provided for in these-parts, the smooth operation of such a del lvice is not achievable in that this accuracy-of the parts and the accuracy of cooperation of the parts cannot be maintained under operating conditions. f

Even if the parts are ideally made, other factors which nullify such accuracy of the parts are heat expansion and load distortion as encoun tered underv running 4conditions in pumps and especially in internal combustion engines. Therefore, no matter how accurate the parts are made,

.even under most exacting precision conditions.

proper functioning of such structures ,as described; during running conditions, is unachievable. e g

A further disturbing factor in internal combustion engines especially, is deflections of parts under loads vdue to the high cylinder pressures as well as 4high inertia loads acting on the main cr'ankpin. These loads not only displace the axes of the parts but also throw them out'of parallel which induces high local bearing loads and high local frictional conditions which are decidedly disadvantageous.` Y

The most serious consideration' of -such structures is theharmful eect upon an engine working under abnormal conditions such as resulting from excessive bearing `wear or bearing failure.

' This is so because in' the event' of the excessive crankshaft or crankpin bearing wear orcomplete failure thereof, the annular path of travel, or orbit of the yoke. tends to change materially while the orbits f the crankpins of the auxiliary cranks `are unvaried, thereby transferring part or all of the radial loads from the main crank-` pinjto the auxiliary cranks. This causes overstraining of the auxiliary cranksswhich are preferably of light construction to keep the size and weight of the engine to. aminimum, and are.

therefore relatively weak. These auxiliary cranks, preferably of `cantilever construction, in cooperation with a yoke member; would each' be almost as large -and heavy as a main crank ,toV

withstand such forces after a bearing has failed. In the prior art auxiliary cranks have been proposed which comprised rigid auxiliary cranks having pins thereon at fixed distances from each other, one of said pinsbeing journalledin the crankcase andthe other Journalled in the knuckle pin receiver. y l

-' Floating bushings have pin receiver and the auxiliary crankarbut this has been found inadequate for purpose of sufilciently compensating for load' deflections and other distortionsmentioned and arenot capable of sustaining the parts during the loss'of a bear-I ing liner of wall thickness as low as .0303'. To

' accommodate for the loss ofsuch a liner, at least eleven bushings would be required., Assuming a space betwee'.` said bushings of .005", this pro-l v been proposed in the prior art, which are disposed between the knuckle 'f the pins.

-vides .060" for take-up of the spaces between bushings; distributed as follows: .030" for the liner, at least .015" for accumulative manufacturing tolerance, and at least .015" for load dei ilection of the main crankpin. When it is desirs able to employ at least three-auxiliary cranks, the number of bushings necessary would-be atl least 33.

Furthermore, as found desirable in high output internall combustion engines to employ one 1| auxiliary crank per cylinder, on a nine cylinder engine, 99 bushings would have to be employed.`

Beside the large number of bushings necessary,

afurther disadvantage of suchconstruction is 'bushings would be required if provision is desired against simultaneous failure of both the. crankpin bearing liner anda similar crankshaft beara ing liner. l 1

Referring to, Figures l and'2, a crank i I is provided with bearings ii adapted to support a crankshaft i2 having shaft portions i3 journalled in the bearings il andl rotatable around a an axis .fc-x. A crankpin I 4 is disposed between crankcheeks lI5 of the crankshaft. The axis y-fy 'of the crankpin is adapted lto movev in a substantially unvarylng orbitof a radius raround axis z-Lx. This distance r is herein referred to a as the throw of the crankpin.

Cylinders it are secured on the crankcase and are disposed radially to the axis :is-x. Pistons i1 are adapted to reciprocate in the cylinders and are provided withwrist pins Il having pivotally la articulated connecting rods II which at their inner ends are iournalled to knuckle pins 20. A knuckle pin receiver Il journalled on the crankpin Il is disposed, with its center substantially 'coincident with the axis '1l`-y of the crankpirat A bearing liner 22 is interposed between the crankpin and the knuckle pin receiver.

' The knuckle'pin receiver ia of substantially spool shape having a cylindrical portion Zia on the ends of 'which are provided flanges 2 ib adaptsi ed to provide bearings for the knuckle pins. 'Ihe connecting rods are disposed between these flanges and are all pivotally articulated to the knuckle pin receiver, thereby producing a connecting rod driving train\of the masterless con- 61 nectingrod type; all ofgthe` rods being substantially identical.

One of the flanges of the knuckle pin .receiver may be provided with a' plurality of pins 'Il extending toward one wall of the crankcase. This 04 wall of the crankcase may be provided'with pins 24 extendingtoward the knuckle pin receiver.

Compensating links 25 are provided to span the -distance` betweenvthe spid pins, that is/between each pin in th crank case and a co sponding 6i pin in the receiver, a compensating link is provided. In the instance shown in this modificanon. each of these unks is slotted at both ends as at 25a and 25h, the slots being open ended providing forked ends by means of which they v7i are fr'ee to move longitudinally between the pins and are confined against transverse movement by Bythe term compensating links is meant,` links that permit a limited amount of Alongitudinal movement at one or the other or 2 tion of the crankpin of the main crankshaft I2,v

is shown as disposed symmetrical to all the links and symmetrical to the disposition of the crankpin. It will be noted that in-such position the links are bottomed on the crankcase pins and clearances C are providedbetween the bottom of the slots 2Sb and the pins 23 of the receiver. The distanceB between the bottoms of the slots is shorter than the distance between pins to provide a substantially large gap C. This gap is provided to accommodate variations due to the necessary manufacturing tolerances inall dimensions and particularly in the critical dimensions `such as D, E, F and G.

By providing the links with the dimension D of such magnitude `as to leave a substantially large clearance C, the vital dimensions of the other parts are not necessarily confined to extremely low tolerances and a broader working range is possible in the manufacture of these parts. Assembly of these parts is thus facilitated.

Referring to Figure 2A it will be thus seen' that thepins in the crankcase are `not essentially located with great precision from the center of the crankshaft' and that the pins in the receiver are not essentially located with great precision from the center of the receiven And it will also be noted that variations in the relative disposition -of the parts is accommodated by the provision of clearances C, such variations in disposition of the parts occurring during heat expansions and .load deflections.

As seen in Figure 2B the parts are shown in relative position when a load is applied as for instance by means of a connecting rod Isa, in the direction shown. The force isy not directed to the center of the crankpin y, which places a torque on the knuckle pin receiver 2l and thus turns it clockwise until the pin 23a bottoms in the Aslot 25h of the link 25c.- The link 25e will transmit the force created by the torque of the receiver to the pin 24 in the crankcase. Upon rotation of the main crankpin Il around the crankshaft center m, immediate from the position shown, the link 25o will rotate in substantial uni- I son with the main crankpin and the torque on the receiver during said rotation willbe transmitted to the crankcase, thus preventing the rotationl of the receiver around the crankpin axis. l

In the example shown employing four auxiliary links this torque of the receiver is transmitted thru only one link during approximately 90 of rotation of the crankshaft.

At the position of the links in Figure 2B'the link. 25e has borne this torque for approximately 45 of rotationand will continue to transmit the torque for the vfollowing 45, approximately wherei upon the torque is taken over by another adjai cent link 25d, as indicated in Figure 2C.

. The position of the parts'shownv in Figure 2C is at approximately the period when the link 2li: 'is relieved of torque transmission and is trans- [erred to the adjacent link 25d in the direction of rotation of the crankshaft. This link 25d -will carry the torque load for approximately 90 whereupon the next link 25eA comes into position as did the previous link, to take over the duty of transmitting the torque of the receiver to the crankcase 1 Whereas in the illustration of the inventionI only four links have been shown which required the transfer ofthe torque to successive links about .every.90 it will be seen that the invention is not limited to the employment of any deflnite'numberof links although it is.preferred to employ three as a minimum. y

With a greater number of links the transfer of the torque is more frequent during each cycle and the duration of load reception of the links. and the pins cooperating therewith, is correspondingly shortenedand thus relieved" of load during the more angulated positions of the links.

In the drawings the clearances C have been exaggerated for the purpose of clarity but iniactual practice the clearance may be, for instance, about .060" which is ample to take care of pin location of the receiver; crankcase, and. variations in the crankthrow, each of which has a location tolerance of approximately plus or minus ',003".

During normal running condition and in the event of expansion of the crankcase,'the pins 24 may move radially outward without affecting the operation as described. The load deflections on the crankshaft which tend to shift the center of the crankpin radially inward or'outward is possible without subjecting the links to any additional loads. Such changes of the crankpin center are accommodated by theA provision of the clearances C which are disposed in the several links in such manner at all times, that the knuckle pin receiver may change its center while fulcruming on one ofthe links 25o, 25d, 25e, or 25f. v

vReferring to Figure 2D, the parts are shown in a position similar to thatshown in Figure 2B, but as operating during an abnormal vcondition such as encountered after the failure or loss of the crankpin bearing liner 22. Due to the centrifugal force the receiver is moved outwardly and into contact with the crankpin. 'I'he center of the knuckle pin receiver y' is thus caused to move in an annular orbit Y' greater than the orbit Y of the crankpin center y normally at edistance on radius r from the center a: of the ankshaft.

The receiver in moving outwardly is fulcrumed,

for example, at a point P which is the-'center of one of the pins in the receiver thru which the torque is at,the moment being transmitted. 'Ihe `the force created `by the torque of the receiver.

Upon iurther rotation-of the vcrankpin this force will be in turn received by the pins Pl, P5, and Pi' as previously described. The links are not exactly parallel under this condition but this does not affect the function of the parts. Y In the above example it has been assumed that .the receiver moves radially outward during liner failure, under certain conditions,` the receiver will move inward due to thel preponderance of the gas-pressures over the centrifugal forces.

In FigureB one end of the link is slotted as at u m the crankshaft.

In Figure 5 the link 34 is similar to that shown in Figure 4 and includes a. spring 35 between the slidable parts 36 and4 31 respectively associated with the pins 24 and 23. The spring serves to m yyieldingly receive and transmit the forces created by the torque of the knuckle-pin receiver. The

spring aids in reducing the impact loads during transfer of the forces created by the receiver torque from one link to another as described in connection with Figure 2B. By the use of, such compression springs of prcper strength, the forces 'created by the-torque of the receiver may be re- 'ceived by more than one link; and may be received simultaneously in two or Y more adjacent links. In Figure 6 the link 38^comprises slidably engageable members 39 and 40 respectively associated with the pins 23 and 24. A projection 4I in the member 40' provides shoulders forsprings 42 and 43 respectively urged against the member 33 and ahead 44 of a rod 45 secured to the member 33.`IV 'Ihese springs may be under initial com-` pression and/or of-such strength as to cause the distribution of the load created by the torque of tht` receiver among all Athe auxiliary links.

Figure 7 is a modiiicationof4 theMform shown in Figure 6 vcomprising a single resilientmember 53 forming the link between the pins 24 and 23. Figure 8 illustrates one form of the link 5I which' may be adapted toact in tension by the applicaation o'f the closed slot -52 as distinguished from the forms shown in Figures 1-5 which limit the rotationofthe receiver in compression.

Referring to Figure 9, theaxis of the, crankshaft is indicated at a: andthe axis of the crankpin is indicated atj y. 'I'he axis of the journals of the auxiliary links are indicated at 'P8. The v,

points P3 `indicate-'the various positions of the pins which are fixed with respect to the receiver center at a distance R Thesepoints P9 are thus positioned with the assumption that a clearance C is provided. Iheheavy full lines represent the instant position of -the parts when the crankpin y is at the' position g3 when the torque load is transferred from link 25J* to link 25e; 'I'he heavydot and dash lines .represent lthe instant position of theparts'at previous and subsequent transfer positions corresponding to the icrankpin positions y1 and 115. The heavy dotted lines represent .the

instance positions of parts midway of the transfer positions. 'I'heexponentsof' the reference characters indicate corresponding positions o'f 'cooperating parts. Y

Points PIII' represent the plurality .of. points if such clearance C were not provided.

It will be noted that the points 1c, y (with any exponent), P3, and Pili (with corresponding exponent) always define a parallelograni and that' the poiutsr, y P8, and P9 do not form a parallelogram in view. o'f the fact that the distance Pl-Pl is lessthannthe distance, :1J-fg. In some cases as whenemploying links as shown in Figure 8 the distance- PB -Pamayat ,.times, be greater fand at times less than the distance :v -y. It will also be noted l,that the lines y,-:P9 are no parallelto the line :v -P8 and that this unparallel anoaaoa relation varies during the arcuate movement. of the crankpin during 90. That is, ,the angle di is less than the angle ont This indicates that during the travel of the point u from its position midway of its effective load transmitting rotation, the angle 01 increases and is greatest at its transfer point where the adjacent link becomes effective and takes over the torque resisting load. This clearly indicates that during the rotation of the crankpin the receiver-is caused to oscillate around the crank-pin axis. The amount of this oscillation depends upon the amount of clearance C provided and if little clearance is provided little oscillation will take place. This oscillation is very slight. For example, in the previous mentioned case, a clearance of 1% of an inch causes an oiscillation of the receiver of about plus or minus three minutes. With larger clearance provided this oscillation may be increased tosuch an extent as to provide a pumping action between the elements as illustrated in Figures- 4 and 5. This pumping action may be made useful in dampening the limit stops between these relatively movable parts and thereby relieve these parts as well as the crankcase of impact loads and thereby also cush-l ioning their action during transfer ofthe force created by the torque of the receiver, from one link to an adjacent link..

As will be seen in the Figures 3, 4.5, 6. 'I and 8, all shownin normal assembled relationship to the pins 23 and 24. the clearances C definitely limit the amount of movement between pins 23 and 24 in at least one direction. Injthe forms shown in Figures 5,6 and 7 which are adapted to yieldingly transmit the force created -by the torque of 'the receiver to the crankcase, the springs may be of suillcient strength to yeldingly limit the movement between the pins without abutment of the limiting shoulders ofthe clear-l ances C. i

. In the modification shown in Figures-1 and 2,

- pins 23 and 24 are necessarily anchored in the receiver and crankcase respectively. In the form shown in Figure 3, where only the end of the link associated with the crankcase is forked, the pin 23 at the.v other end may be anchored'in the-receiver and journalled in the link. or the pin may be anchored in the link and 4lournalled inthe receiver.

It will therefore be seen that either end of the link may be forked and the clearance or compensation may be provided in the end of the link in operative engagement with the pin 23 associ-i ated with the receiver. In this case the pin 24, maybe anchored in the link or in the crankcase. Itwill therefore be seen thatthe link shown in Figure 3 may be reversed end for end,with the same eiilcacy.

The link shownin- Figui-e8 may besimilarly reversed butin this instance the link is effective in transmitting the torque of the receiver in its maximum effective length.

The links shown in Figures 4 to 7 having their clearances or compensating characteristics embodied in the link per seare adapted to denitely limit positive as well las negative torque of the receiver. 1- 1 All of the links shown are effective in transmitting positive as well4 as negative torque of the receiver as is the modification shown in Figures 1 and .2 as will readily be seen by reference to Figure 2 and substitution of any of the links shown in Figures 3 to 8 for the'link shown in Figure 2. If, for example, the torque of the,

receiver is clockwise at the instant position as indicated by the arrow on the` left of Figure 2, the link at the/ left of this figure becomes effective in compression. If the torque were counterclockwise as indicated by the arrow at the right of the gure the link at the right becomes effective in limiting this torque. It is well known that in an engine having definite direction of rotation of the crankshaft the direction of the aceiver may be entirely positive or partly negave. f'

Having thus described the principle er the invention as applied to several preferred forms, it is,

to be understood that other forms may be had without departing from the principle of the inventionl as defined by the appended claims, what 'is claimed is:

vpivotal means each providing a xed axis of rotation, and compensating links adapted to limit rotation of the receiver around the crankpin each of said links operatively engaged with one of said pivotal means in the crankcase and with one of said pivotal means in the receiver, said links being of effective length different than the throw of the crankpin thereby permitting the distance between said axes of rotation engaged by each `link to vary during rotation of the crankshaft.

2. In a mechanism of the character .described for converting reciprocating motion into rotary motion or vice versa, the combination including a crankcase having pins denitely positioned therein, a crankshaft having a crankpin, a knuckle pin receiver, on the crankpin having pins denitely positioned. therein, and compensating links each cooperable with one of said pins positioned in the crankcase and one of said pins positioned in the receiver, said links permitting the distance between the pins cooperable with each link to vary during rotation ofthe crankshaft.

3. In a mechanism of the character described for converting reciprocating motion into rotary vmotion or vice versa the combination including a crankcase, pins `denitely positioned in the crankcase, a crankshaft inthe crankcase having a crankpin, a knuckle pin receiver on the crankpin, pins definitely positioned in the knuckle pin receiver, and compensating links each cooperable with one of'said pins definitely positioned in the crankcase andwith one of said pins definitely positioned in the receiver, said links permitting the distance between the pins cooperable with each link to vary during the rotation' of the crankshaft.

4'. In a mechanism of the character described for converting reciprocating motion into rotary motion or viceversa, the combination including'.

a crankcase having a plurality of'denitely positioned pivotal means each providing a fixed axis of rotation, a crankshaft in thecrankcase having a crankpin, a knuckle pin receiver on the crankpin having a' plurality of definitely positionedpins, and compensating links each engaged withone of said pins and cooperatively engaged with one of said definitely. 4positioned r pivotal means, said links permitting the distance between said'axes Ofiotation and said pins co- '5 operable with each link to vary during rotation of the crankshaft.:

5. In a mechanism of the character described for converting reciprocating motion into rotary -motion or vice versa,tl 1e combination including a crankcase having 'a plurality of definitely positioned pins, a crankshaft in the crankcase, a knuckle pin receiver having a plurality of definitely positioned pivotal means each providing a ixed axis of rotation, and compensating links each cooperatively engaged with one of said definitely positioned` pivotal means and'operatively joined to one of said pins, said links permitting the distance between said axs of rotation and said pins joined by each link'to vary during ro.

tation of the crankshaft.

6. In a mechanism of the characterdescribed for `converting reciprocating motion into rotary motion or vice versa, the combination including a crankcase having a plurality of definitely positioned pivotal means each providing a xed axis of rotation, a crankshaft in the crankcase having a crankpin, aknuckle pin receiver on the crankpin having a plurality of definitely positioned pivotal means each providing a fixed axis of rotation, said receiver being subject to torque around the crankpin, and resilient links each cooperatively engaged with one of said fixed axes in the crankcaseand one of said fixed axes in the receiver, whereby the forces created by the torque of the receiver are resiliently transmitted tothe crankcase.

7. In a mechanism of the character described for converting reciprocating motion into rotary motion or vice versa, thecombination including a'crankcase having a plurality of definitely po` sitioned pivotal means each providing a fixed axis vof rotation, la crankshaft in the-crankcase having a crankpin, a knuckle pin receiver' pn the crankpin having a plurality of definitely positioned pivotal means each providing a fixed axis of rotation, said receiver being subject to torque around the crankpin, and yieldable links each sitioned means in the crankcase and one of 'said means in the receiver, whereby the forces created by' the torque of the receiver are resiliently trans- "mitted to the crankcase and dampened in said links.` g.

8. In a mechanism of the character described operably engaged with one of said definitely'. po-

tioned pivotal means each providing a fixed axis ofvrotation, a crankshaft in the crankcase having a crankpin, a knuckle pin receiver on the crankpin. having a` pluralityof definitely positioned pivotal means -each providing a fixed axis of rotation, said vreceiver being subject to torque around the crankpin, and resilient links each operably engaged with one of said xed' axes in the crankcase and one of said fixed axesfin the receiver, whereby the torque of. the receiver is distributed among all the links and transmitted to the crankcase.

9. In a mechanism of the character described for converting reciprocating motion into ,rotary motion or vicel versa,-the combination including a crankcase having a plurality 4of pivotal means eachl providing a definitely positioned axis of rotation,a crankshaft in the crankcase having a crankpin, a knuckle pin receiver on the crankpin having a plurality of pivotal means each providing a denitely positioned :axis of rotation, and compensating links each cooperably engaged with one oi said means in the crankca'se and with one of said meansin the receiver, whereby the distance between the means spanned by each link is variable during the rotation of the crankshaft.

10H11 a mechanism oi the characterv described .for converting reciprocating motioninto rotary `motion or vice versa, the combination including a cronkcase,4 journals in the crankcase each providing a definitelypositioned axis of rotation, a.

crankshaft in the crankcase having a crankpin, a knuckle pin receiver on the crankpin, journals in the receiver each providing axdeilnitely positioned axis of rotation, and links each having a pin in a journal of the crankcaseand a pin in a journal of the receiver. said links ,having means whereby the distance between the pins may vary during the rotation of thecrankshaft.

, 11. yIn a mechanism of the character described plurality of dennitely positioned pivotal 'means' providing axes of rotation,y and links each cooperably engaged with one of said definitely positioned means in the crankcase'and with one of A said means in the receiver, eachmlink having two means each providing a definitely positioned axis of rotation, one coincidable with oneV of said means in the crankcase and the other eoincidable with the other of -said means in the receiver, said links permitting the distance between, the axes of therein, V a crankshaft having a crankpin, a'

knuckle dn' receiver on the crankpin having pins definitely positioned therein, and links eachV coop- -enbie `with one or said lpins positioned in the crankcase and one of said pins positioned inthe j receiver, each linkhaving two means each providing dennitely positioned axis of rotation, one

coincidabie with one of said pins in the crankcase and the othercoincidable with oneoffaaid pinsin-the receiver-,saidlinkhavlngmeansl converting reciprocating motion into rotary motion or vice versa, the combination of a crankcase, a crankshaft in said crankcase, a crankpin on' said crankcase, a member subject `to torque carried by said crankpln; a plurality of compensating links each having one end operatively engaged with said torque subjected member and the other end operatively engaged, with said crankcase, the eifective length of each of said links being uniform and different than the distance between the crankshaft and the crankpin, whereby rotation of said torque subjected member around saldi crankpin is prevented by the links in overlappingV succession during rotation of the crankshaft,

' 15. In a device of the character described for converting reciprocating motion into rotary motion or vice versa, the combination of a crankcase. a crankshaft in said crankcase, a crankpin on said crankshaft, torque inducing means, a member subject to said torque and carried by said crankpin, a plurality of compensating links each having one end operativelyengaged with -said torque receiving member and the other end operatively engaged with the crankcase, the effective length of each of said links being uniform and different than the distance between the crankshaft and the crankpin, whereby rotation of said torque receiving member around said crankpin is prevented by each of said links in succes- -sion during rotation of the crankshaft.

.16. In a'device of the character described for converting reciprocating motion into rotary motion or vice versa, the combination of acrankcase, a crankshaft in said crankcase, a crankpin on said crankshaft, a member subject totorque carried by said crankpin, a plurality of compensating linkseach having one end operatively engaged with said torque receiving member and the other end operatively engaged with said crank-1 o case, the effective length ofY each of said links being imiformand less than the distance between the crankshaft and the crankpin, whereby rotation of said torque receiving member around said y crankpinispreventedbyeach of saidlinksin-5- successionand in compression during rotation o f the crankshaft.

i7. In a device of the character described for converting motion into rotary mov tion'or vice versathe combinationof a crankcase. a crankshaft in said crankcase, a crankpin yoli-said crankshaft, a member subject toA torque carriedby said crankpin, a plurality of compen-l eating links each having one end operatively engaged with said torque receiving member and the other end'operatively engaged with said. crank- 'casatheeifective-lengthofeachofsaidlinks being uniformand greater than the distance be- 'tween'the crankshaft and the crankpin, whereby rotation of said torque receiving member around w said crankpinisprevented by each of said links "'insuccessionandintensionduringrotationof".

v jislnadevice oftheeharacterdcecribedfor ver-ting reeiprocatingmotion into rotarymo-v u 'ticnorvicevemthecombinationofacrank- `vcaae,acranhliaftinsaidci-ankeaae.afcrankpin` .finsaidcrankahaft,amembersublecttotorqne jcarried crankpin, a plurality ofyieldable linkseach' vingcneendoperativelyengexcd with||aiitormi-esubjevctedincmberandtlieotiicrv end operatively-'engaged withaaidcrankcale,the eiiectivelengthofeachofsaidlinksbeingunifornianddierentthanthedistancebetweentiiell crankahaftand the crankpin, whereby rotation u Y 9.1331909 of. said torque subjected member around said crankpin is prevented by the links-in overlapping succession. during rotationof the crankshaft.

-19. In a mechanism of the character described for converting reciprocating motion into rotary motionor vice versa, the combination of a crankcase having a plurality V0f deiinitely P031* tioned means each providing a xed axis of rotation, arotatable crankshaft in the crankcase, a

crankpin on the crankshaft at a ilxed distance therefrom.,v a knuckle pin receiver subjected to torque rotatably carried by the crankpin, said receiver having a plurality' of -definitely posi-'- y whereby the receiver is caused, to oscillate during tioned pivotal means each providing a fixed axis of rotation, and a plurality of links each operatively engaged between one of said fixed'axes in the crankcase and one of said fixed axes in the ,receiver, each' of said links adapted to rotate about its ilxed axis`in the crankcase to limit rotation of said receiver around the crankpin, the effective length of each of said links being uniform and different than Vthe dis' tance between the crankpin and the crankshaft,

rotation of the crankshaft and whereby the distance between said axis of rotation engaged by each link is variable.

20. In an internal combustion enginear pmnp oi the masterless connecting rod type having a knuckle pin receiver on the crankpin of a crank' shaft, links operatively connected between therec vceiver and the crankcase and adapted to trans- .mit torque of said knuckle pin receiver. said links being of eilectivelengthunequal to the throw of the crankpin.

21. 1n a mechanism cf the character describedfor converting reciprocating motioninto rotary motion or vice versa, the combination including a crankcase having pins definitely positioned rojtatably or non-rotatably therein. aV crankshaft having a crankpin; a knucklepin receiver on the crankpin having pins definitely positioned rotatably or non-rotatably therein-and longiindimlf ly variable links each cooperable with oneA ofsa'id" pins positionedin vthe crankcase and one of said pins positiomiedin the receiver. said links permitting the distance between'the pins cooperable withveachv-link'to vary-dining ofthe .22;Amechanismissetforth-inclaim2lin whichthelinksarelongitudinallyrelilieit,

23.1namechanismotthecharacterdeecribed-l' for converting reciprocating motion into rotary motion or vice versa, the combination including acrank case,acrankshafthavingacrankpin,a knuckle pin receiver on the crank pin, and' a plurality'of compensating links having end'connections tothe crank case and knuckle pin receiver and permitting relative sliding movement of said end connections of each of said links longitudlnallyoftheaxisofthecorrespondinglink while retaining eachV of `saidend connections against any substantial shifting in a directionv transversetothelinkaxis,eitherrelativetothe v '1li part engaged by the connection or relative to the 24'. In c mechanism of the character described for converting reciprocating motion into rotary motion or vice versa, the combination including'. f

a crankcase, a crankshaft having a crankpin, a

knuckle pin receiver on the crankpin, and a-plurality o! compensating links, each of said-links comprising relatively slidable mem'- bers respectively having end connections to the crankcase and knuckle pin receiver and permit- -tingrrelative sliding movement of said end conf nections of eachv of said links longitudinally of the axis of the link while`retnin-fA im; cach cr ma end connectiopsfascinst'any substantial shifting in a direction transverse'to thcnnkaxiscithcrrclsnvetcthepcrtensased' by the connection o r relative to the link.

i2li. Ina mechanism of: the character described for converting reciprocating motion into rotary motion or vice versa,the combination includingv l `a. crankcase. a crankshaft having a crankpin, a

knuckle pin receiver on the crankpin, and a plurl-lity 0i' wmpelting links comprising rela- --tively slidable' telescoping members forming a variable pressure chamber therebetween and respectively having end'connections to the crankcase and knucklepin receiver, said links per-` mitting relativejsliding movement of said end connections of each of said 'links' longitudinally oftheaxisoftheeonespondinglinkwhileret'ainin'geachofsaidendconnectionsagainstany substantialfshifting in'a directiontransverse to thelink axis, either relative to the partengaged bytbeconnectionorrelativetothelink.

' .Amechanismassetforthinclaimrurther provided with means for #implying oil under V'pressureto the premure 'of 1each link. 

